ADHOC MINDFULNESS-BASED RESEARCH (AMBR) PROJECT

Background

Older (age 50+) people living with HIV (PLHIV) may experience elevated levels of depression, anxiety, and loneliness. Online mindfulness lessons have the potential to ameliorate these problems and enhance access, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to determine the effectiveness of online mindfulness lessons in reducing feelings of depression, anxiety, and loneliness among older PLHIV.

Old man with hand on chin

Methods

The study was conducted online between May and August 2020. Individuals with any degree of self-reported loneliness at baseline were eligible to participate. Outcomes of interest included depression, measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10, range 0-30, higher scores indicating worse depression), anxiety using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7, range 1-21, higher scores indicating worse anxiety), and loneliness using both the Three-item Loneliness Scale (3IL, range 3-9, higher scores indicating more loneliness) and a Daily Diary that asked “How lonely do you feel today?” on a 7-point scale, with higher scores indicating more loneliness.

Results

Of 214 participants who were randomized, the mean (SD) age was 60.4 (5.9) years, 89% were male, 69% were white, and 74% were gay or lesbian. At the end of the 25-day intervention, compared to the control group (N = 103), the intervention group (N = 99) demonstrated reduced levels of depression (mean [SD] score, 10.2 [5.8] vs. 12.8 [6.9]; p < 0.01) and anxiety (5.2 [4.3] vs. 6.7 [5.0]; p = 0.03). Among the subset of participants with elevated baseline depression scores (defined as CES-D-10 ≥ 8), the between-group improvement in depression scores was greater (11.8 [5.6] vs. 16.0 [5.8]; p < 0.01). Similarly, among the subset of participants with elevated baseline anxiety scores (defined as GAD-7 ≥ 5), the between-group improvement in anxiety scores was greater (6.2 [4.2] vs. 8.6 [4.5]; p < 0.01). While loneliness did not improve significantly for the overall intervention group, it did improve significantly using the Daily Diary for those with at least moderate loneliness at baseline (3.0 [1.4] vs. 3.7 [1.5]; p < 0.01).

Conclusions

This randomized controlled trial is the first to show that a series of brief, online mindfulness audio lessons improves mental health outcomes among older PLHIV who report some degree of loneliness. For many patients, this intervention may offer emotional relief, even in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Collaborators

Dr Peter Manzonson, Manzonson & Santas, Inc.

Setting

Online

Location

U.S.A.

Duration

May 2020 – Dec 2020

Category

Ageing/Health Related Quality of Life/Retention in Care/ Adherence

Key study materials

ViiV study lead and contact

Duncan Short,

Director of Global Implementation Science

Contact

RELATED STUDIES

USA

The RISE study was a cross-sectional survey designed to obtain an up-to-date understanding of the impact living with HIV has on patients’ lives in the US.

FRANCE

The OPTICARE program is studying the impact of a multidisciplinary individualized support program dedicated to patients either lost to follow up or in a highly frail situation; the goal is to support retention in care and help control viral replication.

SOUTH KOREA

This study demonstrated that nurse-delivered CBT for people living with HIV focusing upon adherence and depression, has the potential to be an effective and acceptable means of improving depressive symptoms, ART adherence, quality of life, and stigma for PLHIV

NP-GBL-HVX-WCNT-220049 October 2023

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Adverse events should be reported. Reporting forms and information can be found at yellowcard.mhra.gov.uk or search for MHRA Yellowcard in the Google Play or Apple App store. Adverse events should also be reported to GlaxoSmithKline on 0800 221441.

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